Study

Holding hands and helping students study right

There’s a difference between helping a student and holding their hand.

A big difference.

photo by gfpeck

photo by gfpeck

As a student, there were many areas in which I needed more guidance and help than I actually received.  Help may have been around, but I wasn’t always made aware of it.

Some people argue that students have their hands held and should learn to be more independent.  They say things like, “You can’t act like a child your whole life.  Learn to deal with your own problems, don’t get other people to sort them out for you.”

This argument is misguided nonsense, but I’ve heard variations of it many times.  C. A. Mace explores this mistaken argument through the question of what a student should read:

“The college student is guided by his teacher.  Some teachers rattle off a reading list in what might seem a very irresponsible way.  If the student attempted to read all the books on the list it would take him several years to get through them.  If the complaint is made that the teacher does not indicate which books, which parts of each book are essential the teacher replies, ‘Good heavens, my students do not expect to be spoonfed.  That are mature enough to exercise their own judgement.’  This is perhaps a rather heavy responsibility to fasten on young shoulders.” [C. A. Mace – The Psychology of Study]

Using this example, an academic needn’t hold a student’s hand.  They can help students find a suitable direction by suggesting major introductory textbooks, or titles specific to an essay the student is working on, or works seen as crucial in the field.  Some reading lists are more helpful than others!

The aim is to help students think independently by offering a platform to work from or a specific area to begin with.  All books on a reading list should be relevant, but a list alone is often daunting.  How can a student make suitable choices for study without understanding why a book is on a list?  It will become clear as time goes on, but what’s the point in any student making this revelation just as they’re about to graduate!?  Much better to be helped toward realising this as soon as possible.

Therefore, in order to move forward, it’s necessary to outline why and how particular options would benefit a student.

You make your own decisions, but you need to understand the implications to make them wisely. You can’t tell the future, but neither do you need to make a bunch of random choices:

“To exhort others to think is like telling them to be clever, or to love their enemies…If the student is to be told to think about his work he must be shown how to do it.” [Mace]

Being told what to do in isolation won’t get you closer to working anything out on your own.  That is merely a hand holding exercise.

Something which allows you to continue independent study with greater understanding and/or a more specific focus, is helpful.

See?  Big difference.

We don’t need our hands held. We just need a basis from which to explore.  As Mace quite rightly says, “We are more likely to find the needle in the haystack if we know that we are looking for it”.

It’s wonderful to stumble upon something by accident, but undergraduate study shouldn’t be a series of forced stumbles.  You should be jumping visible hurdles, not tackling major blind spots.  Hurdles aren’t always easy to jump, but at least you have an idea what you’re trying to clear!

Have you been given enough help throughout your studies?  Do you feel like tutors are holding your hand, or even ignoring you completely?

20/20 – Day 20: 20 tips for effective research

It’s the final day of 20/20.  Sniff! I hope you’ve enjoyed this series of posts.

Today we return to study and, in particular, conducting awesome research.  It’s all too easy to rely on a limited set of information to complete your study, but that won’t help push you to better insight and better grades.

Here are some ways you can excel.

  1. Start right away.  The longer you leave it, the less effective you can be.
  2. Don’t stop.  Keep going through the whole writing process.  Even better, keep going between essays and exams.  Engage in your subject without needing a reason.  Without a reason you read differently, which often yields the most surprising and useful results.
  3. Go beyond Google, Wikipedia, your reading list, etc.  Research involves pushing further than what’s obvious to you.  Effective research opens up many avenues.
  4. Check bibliographies.  They’re great for finding new texts you may not easily find another way.
  5. Ask a tutor.  Briefly tell them where you’ve looked and what you’ve found.  See what other ideas they can suggest.
  6. Ask a subject librarian.  You may check certain shelves and subject headings, but a subject librarian can help you look beyond the ordinary.
  7. Consult recent journals.  The latest insights, studies and surveys are a great way to discover what’s happening right now in your field.
  8. Look for relevant quotations and references before writing, during writing, and after writing.  This will help you gain different perspectives and approach texts from different angles.
  9. Explore books within other disciplines, but with similar features.  For instance, you may know which shelves contain the books in your field, but have you checked the library in related subjects?
  10. Start with the basics and work inward. Finding the in-depth analysis tough to handle? The specifics don’t need to come first.  Discover those as you dig deeper.
  11. Treat it seriously, with respect and time. This is one of the most important aspects of study. Never attempt to start and finish an essay in one go, especially if it’s the day before the work is due to be handed in!
  12. Check Intranet portals (library and your School), as well as dedicated subject sites. Nobody can show you a definitive list of resources. Make use of all the lists you can.
  13. Refer to lecture notes and handouts. I’m guessing you already do, but the point is that the tutors will provide you with a good jumping off point.  Don’t ignore the relevance; they haven’t included anything just for the sake of it.
  14. Exploit Google to the max with their Book Search and Scholar tools.  Be on the lookout for new features with Google Labs. However, bear Point 3 in mind as you enjoy the Google beast…
  15. Use contents and index pages.
  16. Scan for important headings and features in texts.  Faced with a huge book with a couple thousand pages, it can be daunting.  After checking the contents and index, flick through and see how the book is laid out. There could be a handy summary for each chapter, or bold points throughout to give you the key arguments.
  17. Keep tabs for new and incoming online research.  Many websites have RSS feeds, email subscription services, and update pages that tell you what’s new.  Use them!
  18. Check basics on subjects/topic, looking for names of authors you could explore further.  Perhaps you’re just looking for the most important names in a particular subject or need an overview before you explore in depth (especially if using Point 10).  This is where Wikipedia does function well.  Need it more basic than that?  Try Again But Slower.  When you need brief answers quickly, don’t feel bad about taking a basic route.
  19. If you like the research part, accept the need to stop too. The rest of the work still needs to be done!  Undertaking good research is about doing enough and finding relevant information.  It’s not about finding every possible reference under the sun.
  20. Start right away. I mentioned this first and I’ll mention it last. Start now. Right now!

That’s all for this series of posts.  I hope you enjoyed 20/20.  Now get on with your research! How many more times…? 😉

20/20 – Day 12: 20 escapes from essay writer’s block

A poem:

Blank mind, blank screen, all is clear.
Scared to start and full of fear.
Not quite sure where to begin,
Nothing grand inspires within.
Vicious circles loop the loop,
“How can all my thoughts regroup?”
Take a look below and see
If these ideas can set you free.

  1. Free writing. Let all sorts out. At least you’ll be writing. Wikipedia has the rules.
  2. Compose without editing as you go. Similar to free writing, but not quite so relaxed.  For when your main problem lies mainly with perfectionism.  Leave that issue for later.
  3. Mix it up. Start at the end if you like.  Start wherever you want. Writing doesn’t have to be a linear process.  If you prefer to conclude before anything else, that’s okay with the world.
  4. Sum up what you want to argue/explain in a few sentences and work from that. Armed with your own overview, you’ve got more to go on.
  5. Use headings and notes as a core structure. Don’t know where to start? Take the information you already have and create a plan that way.
  6. Find quotations to work from.  You quote throughout an essay to back up, give examples, and engage.  Turn things on their head by using quotations as a way to start the writing process.
  7. Agree to craft just one sentence before walking away.
  8. Now agree to just one paragraph before walking away.
  9. Now agree to just one section before walking away. Little steps become bigger with confidence.
  10. Do/Don’t listen to music as you write.  Do the thing you normally wouldn’t do.
  11. Create a list of points instead of writing in full paragraphs. Challenge yourself to making 50 points. If you only end up with six points, who cares? You’ve made six points! Woo!
  12. Go for a walk and think about the essay as you survey the world.  To be sure you remember the good stuff, take a notepad and pen.  Don’t note stuff down on your phone/Blackberry.  Make this special, make this separate from everything else.
  13. Get rid of distractions.  Stay focused and don’t let anything get in your way.  That goes for distractions on screen too.  Try DarkCopy or Writer for getting rid of distractions while writing.
  14. Deconstruct the essay question.  The question is never as simple as you first imagine.
  15. Eat, drink, be merry. Is your gut holding you back?  Don’t go hungry or thirsty.  You’ll be most productive when you’ve satisfied your appetite.  But don’t eat too much or you’ll be annoyed by indigestion instead.
  16. Stop calling it a block.  If you treat any lack of writing as a block, you’ll feel more blocked.  It’s an opportunity to shine, not a block.
  17. Take relevant lecture notes, write them out again and work around them.
  18. Find dictionary terms for words mentioned. Look for inspiration through the definitions.  If that’s not enough, look the words up in a thesaurus too and see where else you can head.
  19. Change medium and/or location.  Handwritten essays can be typed up.  Try writing the old fashioned way.  And why always work in your room or in the library?  Use a bench on campus, a different computer room than your usual norm, anywhere that’s different.
  20. Refer to your essay as a ‘draft’. Your final version is where you think about the exact structure and ultimate arguments.  Don’t be so formal with a draft. Let rip!
Title image: original by tiffa130 (cc)

20/20 – Day 7: 20 ways to get the word count right

Word counts. Ah, yes. We’ve all been through it before.  You either get stuck after writing about 800 words of a 1,500 word essay, or you fly past the required number of words in the hope that triple the length is acceptable.

Below are 20 ways to help you achieve the word count you need.  Ten for when you’re struggling to write, ten for when you’ve rocketed past the limit.

When you can’t find the words

  1. Write the way you feel. Make it scholarly later. In other words, ignore your internal editor!
  2. Read more. There is always more to add and other avenues to explore.  Further reading should help uncover new areas that you haven’t discussed yet.
  3. Return to your notes. Has something been covered that could be included as part of your argument?  Did your tutor provide any broad topic areas that are relevant to your writing?
  4. Ignore the essay so far. Just list all the points/opinions/arguments you want to make. Anything currently missing from the essay can now be written up.
  5. Step away from the essay. Leave it for a while and return when your mind’s fresh.  Sometimes it’s the only way to wake your mind back up.
  6. Think prodding, not padding! Just adding text for the sake of making up numbers is pointless and it won’t get you any extra marks.  Question everything you read. Does a text agree with your argument? If so, how has the author moved the topic on?  If not, can you criticise that argument in order to back up yours?
  7. Ignore the word count. It starts you off with the wrong mindset altogether.  If you consider the number of words before you’ve written anything, you will automatically stop writing at points in fear that you’re writing too much.  In fact, you need to write more.  So return to any writing that you’ve already done and try expanding on what you’ve got without it turning to padding.
  8. Ask your tutor how the essay is shaping up.  Discuss what you can examine next, where to explore, and so on.
  9. Return to the question. What else could it mean or imply?  Rarely is an undergraduate essay a simple question with an unambiguous answer.
  10. Stop restricting yourself. If you do all the above and still can’t get near to the right number of words, you’re somehow blocking yourself.  Remember that there’s no right or wrong answer.  Critical engagement is so much more than that. If it’s proving that difficult to engage, look to staging a completely different argument.  Maybe you’re trying to give an opinion that isn’t really your opinion.

When you’re over the limit

  1. Cut, cut, cut!
  2. List points in order of importance. Cut the rest to brief points and references.
  3. Check for repetition.
  4. Check verbosity. Are you unnecessarily labouring a point? Be brutal.
  5. Consider depth. Have you given more detail than is expected of you?
  6. If a particular discussion or argument uses many more words than your other set pieces, cut from here.
  7. Take a reality check. “There’s no way I can cut this without cutting something crucial. I need to include everything.”  Seriously, you don’t.  Count yourself lucky that you’ve got the ideas. If it’s still tough, talk it through with your tutor. They will almost certainly suggest areas to chop.
  8. Don’t retell a story or explain from scratch. Introduce the point briefly and reference.
  9. Don’t panic if you’re slightly over.  0-5% is no big deal. 5-10% is worth being vigilant over.  Anything above 10% needs serious reduction.
  10. If you’re going to write so much, why not make it your dissertation subject? 😉
Title image: original by tiffa130 (cc)